-ough ending
Its various pronounciations get their own spellings. As follows:
The word “through” is now “thrue”, like “blue”
The word “though” is now “thoe”, like “toe”
The word “cough” is now “coff”, like “off”
The word “enough” is now “enuff”, like “puff”
The word “plough” is now “plowe” (Americans already say “plow”, but I think it's important to distinguish the pronounciation from “slow”)
The word “borough” can stay the same. The “uh” sound is the only one to keep its original spelling, as I think it's fine enough, and any alterations don't really feel naturally English to me (“burruh”?)
In general, these follow the patterns of existing words in a way that fits with the English language. I feel like spellings should feel natural as much as they should logically make sense, and keeping “ough” for “uh” feels natural to me ;3
The word “pronunciation”
It is now “pronounciation”. This one's personal.
Accented vowels
These can be used to help kids, and people learning English as a second language. The accents themselves are considered separate from the vowel, and indicate pronounciation separately – the vowel is there only to indicate which vowel is used to represent the sound in everyday writing. That also means that accents by themselves can be inserted between consonants when it's necessary!
It's kind of how in Japanese, they write hiragana above kanji in order to clarify pronounciation.
Digraphs and trigraphs don't have accents, but the letter Y is considered a vowel, and does. Dipthongs would require multiple accents, whether on the same letter at the same time, or one after the other.
A circumflex (ô) or inverted breve (ȏ) represents /ʌ/ and /ɑː/.
An underbar (or underline) indicates long vowels.
A tilde (õ) indicates silent vowels.
The first four work out pretty neatly for the close/mid front/central vowels, but I only split the back vowels between rounded and unrounded so that I could continue the pattern. You can see what I wanted to do by looking at the table on Wikipedia, pictured :3
Speaking of Wikipedia, I copied the symbols from there. This means that they're also links to their respective pages, which is pretty neat.
You might've noticed that I missed a sound. There's a reason for this...
New letters
The symbol /æ/ is represented by the letter Ash (<Æ, æ>), which is an Old English letter. This can be used either as a learning aid or as an actual new letter, I haven't decided yet :3
The letter Edh (<Ð, ð>) and Thorn (<Þ, þ>) are both back, representing the voiced and voiceless dental fricative (the sounds in “the” and “bath”) respectively. Let's call Þorn “þon”, though. It sounds cuter, and it makes me feel less like I'm talking about porn
One more thing: The crossed lowercase d (<đ>) is a valid alternative to the lowercase edh.
The word “thou”
Let's bring back the word “thou”. It'll replace singular “you”, while “you” will now be predominantly plural. I think it's a bit dickish of English speakers to drop a perfectly useful word, only to struggle to find a replacement for the plural version centuries later. Like, come on, you put yourself in this situation. (I personally say “you lot” when I need to address a group.)
Anyway, it conjugates verbs like “he” does. That is, you say “thou is”. There's also “thee” for the accusative (“don't talk to me, talk to thee!”), “thy” for the dependent genitive, and “thine” for the independent genitive (think “my” and “mine”).